The IS NOT NULL keywords are used to test for non-empty values (NOT NULL values).

The IS NULL keywords are used to test for empty values (NULL values).

The JOIN keyword is used in an INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN to return matching rows from two tables.

The LEFT JOIN keywords return all rows from the left table, and the matching rows from the right table (NULL from the right side if there is no match).

The LIKE keyword is used in a WHERE clause to search for a specified pattern in a column. It can use two wildcards: % and _.

The NOT keyword is used with other SQL keywords to only include rows where a condition is NOT true.

The NOT NULL keywords enforces a column to NOT accept NULL values (a record cannot be inserted/updated without adding a value to that field).

The ORDER BY keywords are used to sort the result set using a specified column in ascending order (A – Z) or descending (Z – A) order.

The PROCEDURE keyword is used with the CREATE keyword to create a stored procedure (prepared SQL code to be reused many times).

The RIGHT JOIN keywords returns all rows from the right table, and the matching rows from the left table (NULL from the left side if there is no match).

The SELECT keyword is used to select specified data from a database.

The SELECT INTO keywords copies data from one table and inserts it into another table.

The SET keyword is used with UPDATE to specify which columns and values should be updated in a table.

The TABLE keyword is used along with CREATE, ALTER, and DROP to manage a database table.

The TRUNCATE TABLE keywords deletes all the data inside a table, but not the table itself.

The UNION keyword combines the result set of two or more SELECT statements (returning only distinct values).